What is the difference between Pipe and Tube?

 What is the difference between Pipe and Tube?

There is some confusion between what is a pipe and what is a tube People use the words pipe and tube interchangeably, and they are often considered to be the same. However, there are significant differences between pipe and tube. Let us start by saying that a tube is a hollow product of round or any other cross section having a continuous periphery. In other words, a tube is a round, rectangular, square, or oval hollow section measured by outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness (WT), expressed in inches or millimeters. Round tube size is usually specified by any two of the following: outside diameter, inside diameter and wall thickness.

A pipe is a tube with a round cross section conforming to the dimensional requirement for nominal pipe size as tabulated in ASME B36.10M and SASM B36.19M. Furthermore, a pipe is a round tubular to distribute fluids and gases, designated by a nominal pipe size (NPS or DN) that represents a rough indication of the pipe conveyance capacity. The most important mechanical parameters for pipes are the pressure rating, the yield strength, and the ductility.

The most important dimensions for a pipe are the outer diameter (OD) together with the wall thickness (WT). OD minus 2 times WT (schedule) determine the inside diameter (ID) of a pipe, which is used in determining the liquid capacity of the pipe.

Instances of an actual OD and several IDs for a 1" pipe Actual outside diameters

NPS 1 actual O.D. = 1.5/16" (33.4 mm) Actual inside diameters of a 1-inch pipe.

NPS 1-SCH 40 = O.D.33,4 mm - WT. 3,38 mm - I.D.26,64 mm

NPS 1-SCH 80 = O.D.33,4 mm - WT. 4,55 mm - I.D.24,30 mm

NPS 1-SCH 160 O.D.33,4 mm - WT. 6,35 mm - I.D.20,70 mm

As we told you above, you can quickly see that the inside diameter was determined by the outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness (WT).

The standard combinations of pipe Nominal Pipe Size and Wall Thickness (schedule) are covered by the ASME B36.10 and ASME B36.19 specifications (respectively, carbon and alloy pipes, and stainless-steel pipes).

The products conveyed in piping include liquids, gas, pellets, powders and more.

OIL & GAS CONSTRUCTION CODES and STANDARDS

 (American Standards & Saudi Aramco Standards)

Codes and standards are necessary for piping to ensure safe and efficient design, fabrication, installation, and operation of piping systems. They provide guidelines and requirements for materials, construction, inspection, testing, and maintenance, ensuring that piping systems are designed and operated in accordance with best practices, industry standards, and regulatory requirements to protect human safety, property, and the environment.

Abbreviations:

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

API - American Petroleum Institute.

AISI: American Iron & Steel Institute.

NACE: National Association of Corrosion Engineers.

ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials.

ANSI - American National Standards Institute.

AWS – American Welding Society.

AWWA: American Water Works Association.

ANSI: American National Standard Institute.

SAES - Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard.

SAEP - Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure.

SAMSS - Saudi Aramco Materials System Specification.

SATIP - Saudi Aramco Typical Inspection Plan.

SAIC - Saudi Aramco Inspection Check List.

SATR - Saudi Aramco Test Report.

Most Using ASME standards for piping construction:

1. ASME B31.1 - Power piping.

2. ASME B31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping.

3. ASME B31.3 - Process piping.

4. ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation system for liquid hydrocarbon & other liquid.

5. ASME B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping.

6. ASME B31.8 - Gas transmission & distribution piping system.

7. ASME B31.9 - Building services piping.

8. ASME B31.11 - Slurry transportation piping system.

Construction of Equipments

1. ASME section I: - Rules for construction of power boiler.

2. ASME Section II: - Materials.

Part A – Ferrous materials.

Part B – Non-Ferrous materials.

Part C – Specification for electrodes & filler wire.

Part D – Properties.

3. ASME Section IV: - Rules for construction of Heating Boiler.

4. ASME Section V: - Non- destructive Examination

5. ASME Section VI: - Recommended rules for care & operation of heating boiler.

6. ASME Section VII: - Recommended guidelines for care of power boiler.

7. ASME Section VIII: - Rules for construction of pressure vessels. (Division I & II)

8. ASME Section IX: - Welding & brazing qualification.

Aramco Codes:

1. SAES-A-004: General Requirements for Hydro testing.

2. SAES-A-007: Hydro Testing Fluids & Lay-Up procedures.

3. SAES-L-105: Selection of Pipes.

4. SAES-L-108: Selection of Valves. API-598: Testing & Leakage Test of Valve.

5. SAES-L-109: Selection of Flanges, Bolts & Gaskets.

6. SAES-L-110: Threaded Joints & Branch Connections.

7. SAES-L-150: Pressure Testing for Plant Piping / Pipe Lines.

8. SAES-L-310: Design of Plant Piping.

9. SAES-L-350: Construction of Plant Piping.

10. SAES-L-410: Design of pipe lines.

11. SAES-L-450: Construction of On-land & Near-shore pipe lines.

12. SAES-H-200: Handling & Storage of Pipes.

13. SAEP-351: Bolt Torqueing Procedure.

14. SAEP-379: Quality Issues Notification.

15. SAEP-380: Equipment Deficiency Report.

16. SAEP-381: Escalation Process for NCR.

17. SAEP-388: Cleaning of Piping.

18. SAPE-1151: Inspection Requirements for Procurement materials & Equipment.

19. SAEP-1160: Hydro Test Package preparation procedure.

API Standards:

1. API 5L: Specification for Line Pipe

2. API 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage 

3. API 653: Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction

4. API 1104: Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities

5. API 570: Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration

6. API 618: Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services

7. API 619: Rotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services

8. API 650 Appendix H: Internal Floating Roofs for Storage Tanks

9. API 2000: Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks

10. API 12B: Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids

American Welding Society Standards:

1. AWS D1.1: Structural Welding Code - Steel

2. AWS D1.6: Structural Welding Code - Stainless Steel

3. AWS D1.2: Structural Welding Code - Aluminium

4. AWS D1.5: Bridge Welding Code

5. AWS D10.12M: Guide for Welding Mild Steel Pipe

6. AWS D17.1: Specification for Fusion Welding for Aerospace Applications

7. AWS A5.1: Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding

8. AWS A5.18: Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

9. AWS A5.20: Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding

10. AWS A2.4: Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Non-destructive Examination.

Graduate mechanical & diploma engineers vacancy @ isgec hitachi zosen Ltd.

 Requirement For Isgec Hitachi Zosen Ltd, Dahej-Bharuch

1. Suitable Opening: Production Incharge 04 Nos (For Dahej, Bharuch) (BE Mechanical 12-18 Yrs

Exp. /DME 18-25 Yrs Exp) 2. Suitable Opening: Welding Engineer -- 02 Nos

(For Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Mechanical 05-10 Yrs

Exp./ MTech Welding - 03-07 Yrs Exp) 3. Suitable Opening: Design Engineer 04 Nos (For -- Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Mechanical 05-10 Yrs Exp. /

ME 02-04 Yrs Exp)

4. Suitable Opening: Electrical Engineer 02 Nos -1 (For Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Electrical 05-10 Yrs Exp.)

5. Suitable Opening: Maintenance Engineer -- 02

Nos (For Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Mechanical 05-10 Yrs Exp.)

6. Suitable Opening: Production Engineer -- 02 Nos (For Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Mechanical 05-10 Yrs Exp.)

Share your resume at in word format along with 03 months Salary Slips

For Production, Planning & Project Dept:-

Should be aware with Manufacturing process and

procedure of below given equipment's :- Urea Reactor, Urea Stripper, Ammonia Converter, Ammonia Chiller, Waste Heat Boiler, Super heater, CRMOV-Reactors

Please share your Salary Slip, Salary Breakup and updated resume at ihzlhr@gmail.com

Difference between QS-QA-QC

 What is the difference between System Quality (QS), Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)?

System Quality (QS) refers to the set of policies, procedures and processes put in place by an organization to ensure that its products or services meet quality, safety and regulatory compliance requirements. It is a proactive approach to quality management that involves rigorous planning, consistent implementation and constant monitoring to ensure expected results are achieved.

Quality Assurance (QA) is a systematic evaluation process to ensure that products or services meet established quality standards. Quality assurance is a proactive approach that aims to prevent errors or defects before they occur. It is often associated with activities such as risk analysis, test planning and process auditing.

Quality Control (QC) is a reactive approach to quality management that involves detecting and correcting errors or defects after they have occurred. Quality control usually involves activities such as inspection, testing, and verification to ensure that products or services meet established quality standards. Quality control is often seen as a necessary but insufficient step to ensure the quality of products or services, as it occurs after errors or defects have occurred.

In summary, the quality system aims to establish processes and systems to ensure quality, quality assurance aims to prevent errors or defects before they occur, and quality control aims to detect and correct errors or defects after they have occurred.

Welding inspector interview Questions

 

Vacancy @ Isgec Hitachi

 Requirement For Isgec Hitachi Zosen Ltd, Dahej-Bharuch

1. Suitable Opening: Production Incharge 04 Nos (For Dahej, Bharuch) (BE Mechanical 12-18 Yrs

Exp. /DME 18-25 Yrs Exp) 2. Suitable Opening: Welding Engineer -- 02 Nos

(For Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Mechanical 05-10 Yrs

Exp./ MTech Welding - 03-07 Yrs Exp) 3. Suitable Opening: Design Engineer 04 Nos (For -- Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Mechanical 05-10 Yrs Exp. /

ME 02-04 Yrs Exp)

4. Suitable Opening: Electrical Engineer 02 Nos -1 (For Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Electrical 05-10 Yrs Exp.)

5. Suitable Opening: Maintenance Engineer -- 02

Nos (For Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Mechanical 05-10 Yrs Exp.)

6. Suitable Opening: Production Engineer -- 02 Nos (For Dahej, Bharuch) - (BE Mechanical 05-10 Yrs Exp.)

Share your resume at in word format along with 03 months Salary Slips

For Production, Planning & Project Dept:-

Should be aware with Manufacturing process and

procedure of below given equipment's :- Urea Reactor, Urea Stripper, Ammonia Converter, Ammonia Chiller, Waste Heat Boiler, Super heater, CRMOV-Reactors

Please share your Salary Slip, Salary Breakup and updated resume at ihzlhr@gmail.com

RT acceptance

 

Use 8D method for corrective action

 Use the 8D Method and enjoy the results.

What do you do if you encounter a welding defect in production?

Repairing the weld may temporarily address the non-conformance issue, but it does not address the underlying cause of the problem. Without identifying and addressing the root cause, the same issue is likely to occur again in the future.

To effectively address the non-conformance issue, a root cause analysis method such as the 8D method should be used. The 8D method involves a structured approach to problem-solving that helps to identify, correct, and prevent problems. By following the eight steps of the 8D method, the team can systematically address the issue and prevent its recurrence.

In summary, repairing the weld may provide a short-term solution to the non-conformance issue, but it is not enough. A root cause analysis method like the 8D method should be used to identify the underlying cause and prevent the problem from happening again in the future.

All Piping Codes

 

Control valve accessories